Step-up authentication

Request higher authentication assurance (AAL2/AAL3) via acr_values in OAuth flows

Step-up authentication asks a user who is already signed in to complete an additional verification before accessing a sensitive resource. Wocha implements step-up through standard OAuth acr_values parameters and NIST-aligned ACR/AMR token claims.

When to use step-up

Use step-up when an operation requires stronger assurance than the user's current session provides:

Scenario	Recommended ACR
View account settings	`urn:wocha:aal1` (default)
Change password or add MFA	`urn:wocha:aal2`
Transfer funds or delete data	`urn:wocha:aal2`
Admin key management, privilege escalation	`urn:wocha:aal3`
Adaptive risk trigger	Determined by risk engine

Step-up is distinct from a full re-login. Wocha preserves the existing session where possible and elevates the authenticator assurance level (AAL) to meet the requested ACR.

Requesting ACR levels in OAuth

Pass acr_values in the authorise request. Wocha checks the current session ACR at consent time and redirects to MFA step-up when the session is insufficient.

GET /oauth2/auth?
  client_id=YOUR_CLIENT_ID&
  response_type=code&
  scope=openid+profile&
  redirect_uri=https://app.example.com/callback&
  acr_values=urn:wocha:aal2&
  state=RANDOM_STATE

Multiple values express preference order (first value has highest priority):

acr_values=urn:wocha:aal3 urn:wocha:aal2

Wocha also accepts legacy shorthand values (aal1, aal2, aal3) and maps them to Wocha URNs internally.

Client sends acr_values=urn:wocha:aal2 in the authorise request
User authenticates (if not already signed in)
At consent, Wocha compares currentAcr against the requested value
If insufficient, the user is redirected to AAL2 step-up with the strongest enrolled factor
After MFA completion, consent proceeds and tokens include the elevated acr and amr claims

Next.js

Protect a server action or route handler by checking the session ACR, then redirecting to step-up when needed:

import { getSession } from "@wocha/nextjs";
import { requireAal2, ACR_AAL2 } from "@wocha/nextjs";
import { redirect } from "next/navigation";
 
export async function deleteAccount() {
  const session = await getSession();
  if (!session) redirect("/login");
 
  if (!requireAal2(session)) {
    const stepUpUrl = new URL(`${process.env.WOCHA_ISSUER}/oauth2/auth`);
    stepUpUrl.searchParams.set("client_id", process.env.WOCHA_CLIENT_ID!);
    stepUpUrl.searchParams.set("response_type", "code");
    stepUpUrl.searchParams.set("scope", "openid");
    stepUpUrl.searchParams.set("acr_values", ACR_AAL2);
    stepUpUrl.searchParams.set(
      "redirect_uri",
      `${process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_APP_URL}/api/auth/callback`,
    );
    redirect(stepUpUrl.toString());
  }
 
  // Proceed with account deletion...
}

For middleware-level protection:

import { withWochaAuth } from "@wocha/nextjs/middleware";
import { requireAal3 } from "@wocha/nextjs";
 
export default withWochaAuth(async (req, session) => {
  if (req.nextUrl.pathname.startsWith("/admin/keys")) {
    if (!requireAal3(session)) {
      const url = req.nextUrl.clone();
      url.pathname = "/step-up";
      url.searchParams.set("acr", "urn:wocha:aal3");
      return Response.redirect(url);
    }
  }
});

Express

import express from "express";
import { wochaSession, requireAal2, ACR_AAL2 } from "@wocha/express";
 
const app = express();
 
app.delete("/api/billing/payment-method", wochaSession(), (req, res) => {
  if (!requireAal2(req.wocha.session)) {
    const stepUpUrl = new URL(`${process.env.WOCHA_ISSUER}/oauth2/auth`);
    stepUpUrl.searchParams.set("client_id", process.env.WOCHA_CLIENT_ID!);
    stepUpUrl.searchParams.set("response_type", "code");
    stepUpUrl.searchParams.set("scope", "openid");
    stepUpUrl.searchParams.set("acr_values", ACR_AAL2);
    stepUpUrl.searchParams.set("redirect_uri", process.env.WOCHA_CALLBACK_URL!);
    return res.redirect(302, stepUpUrl.toString());
  }
 
  // Remove payment method...
  res.status(204).end();
});

React

Gate sensitive UI and trigger step-up from the client:

"use client";
 
import { useSession } from "@wocha/react";
 
const ACR_AAL2 = "urn:wocha:aal2";
 
function BillingPanel() {
  const { data: session, status } = useSession();
 
  if (status !== "authenticated") return null;
 
  const acr = session?.acr ?? "urn:wocha:aal1";
  const needsStepUp = !acr.includes("aal2") && !acr.includes("aal3");
 
  if (needsStepUp) {
    const stepUpUrl =
      `${process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_WOCHA_ISSUER}/oauth2/auth?` +
      `client_id=${process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_WOCHA_CLIENT_ID}&` +
      `response_type=code&scope=openid&` +
      `acr_values=${encodeURIComponent(ACR_AAL2)}&` +
      `redirect_uri=${encodeURIComponent(window.location.origin + "/callback")}`;
 
    return (
      <div>
        <p>Verify your identity to manage billing.</p>
        <a href={stepUpUrl}>Verify with MFA</a>
      </div>
    );
  }
 
  return <PaymentMethodList />;
}

For adaptive MFA, Wocha handles step-up automatically at consent — your app only needs explicit acr_values for operations that always require a specific assurance level.

ACR and AMR reference

ACR values

Value	Level	Description
`urn:wocha:aal1`	1	Single-factor authentication (password, passkey, or social)
`urn:wocha:aal2`	2	Two-factor authentication (password + TOTP, SMS, or email OTP)
`urn:wocha:aal3`	3	Hardware-bound authentication (password + hardware WebAuthn key)

Legacy values accepted for compatibility:

Legacy	Maps to
`aal1`	`urn:wocha:aal1`
`aal2`, `urn:mace:incommon:iap:silver`	`urn:wocha:aal2`
`aal3`, `urn:mace:incommon:iap:gold`	`urn:wocha:aal3`

AMR values (RFC 8176)

AMR	Authentication method
`pwd`	Password
`otp`	Time-based or email one-time password
`sms`	SMS one-time password
`hwk`	Hardware WebAuthn/FIDO2 key
`swk`	Software passkey (platform authenticator)
`fed`	Federated identity (OIDC/social)
`mfa`	Multiple distinct authentication factors used

Token claims

After successful step-up, ID and access tokens include:

{
  "acr": "urn:wocha:aal2",
  "amr": ["pwd", "otp", "mfa"],
  "auth_time": 1705320000
}

Adaptive MFA — risk-based MFA policy and assessors
MFA API — programmatic TOTP enrolment
Passkeys — AAL3 with hardware keys

Step-up authentication

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